Guides
Guides and tutorials
Plain, practical help for PDFs, images and everyday documents. Every guide goes with a free tool that runs in your browser.
Toolkitties vs iLovePDF vs Smallpdf: Free PDF Tools Compared (2026)
A side-by-side look at daily limits, file size caps, accounts and privacy across Toolkitties, iLovePDF and Smallpdf's free plans.
A Free PDF Compressor With No Daily Limit (2026)
Compress as many PDFs as you need, with no daily cap and no upload — the file shrinks right there in your browser.
How to Sign a PDF for Free, Without an Account
Draw a signature, drag it into place and download a signed PDF — works on a laptop, phone or tablet, no account needed.
How to Extract Text From a Scanned PDF or Photo (Free OCR)
Turn a scanned document or a photo of a page into text you can copy, search and edit — no software to install.
How to Summarize a PDF and Ask It Questions — Privately
Get the key points of a document and ask it direct questions, using a small AI model that runs in your browser instead of a cloud API.
How to Extract a Table From a PDF Into Excel
Pull a table out of a bank statement, invoice or report PDF into an editable spreadsheet, without retyping it.
How to Reorder or Remove Pages From a PDF
Type the page order you want and get a new PDF with only the pages you listed, in that order.
How to Add a Watermark to Every Page of a PDF
Stamp a text watermark — 'Draft', 'Confidential', your company name — across every page in one pass.
How to Add Page Numbers to a PDF
Number every page of a document automatically — useful before printing or submitting a long report.
How to Compress a PDF for Email, Job Applications and Online Forms
A practical way to shrink a PDF that is over a size limit: what to try first, what to remove, and how to check the result. Free and private.
How to Merge PDF Files on iPhone and Android (No App Needed)
Combine PDFs into one file straight from your phone browser. Add files, arrange them, choose pages and download. Free, with no app and no signup.
How to Scan Documents with Your Phone and Save Them as One PDF
Take clean photos of documents, put them in order and turn them into a single PDF for applications and forms. No scanner and no app needed.
PDF to Word: Why Formatting Gets Lost and What to Do Instead
Understand why converting a PDF to Word rarely keeps the layout, what a text-only conversion gives you, and better options for each situation.
How to Delete Pages from a PDF (and Keep Only What You Need)
Remove unwanted pages from a PDF by typing the page numbers. Learn the page-range format, when to extract instead and how to check the result.
How to Rotate PDF Pages (All Pages or Just Some)
Fix sideways or upside-down PDF pages. Rotate every page or only the pages you choose, by 90 or 180 degrees, in your browser.
How to Merge PDF Files Online for Free (No Upload, No Signup)
Combine several PDFs into one file in your browser. Reorder files, pick the pages you want and download, with no upload and no signup.
How to Reduce PDF File Size for Email and Online Forms
Make a PDF smaller for email and upload limits. Learn which compression level to choose and why some PDFs shrink more than others.
How to Split a PDF and Extract Pages Online
Split a PDF into single pages, every N pages or custom ranges like 1-3, 7. Pick pages visually and download. No upload, no signup.
How to Copy Text from a PDF into Word (and What Will Not Convert)
Turn the text of a PDF into an editable Word document. Learn what is kept, what is not, and what to do with scanned PDFs.
How to Convert PDF Pages to JPG Images
Export each page of a PDF as a JPG picture for chats, slides and websites. Free, private and no signup. Works on phone and computer.
How to Turn Photos and Scans into a PDF on Your Phone
Combine JPG and PNG photos into one PDF in the order you choose. Perfect for documents photographed with a phone. Free, no upload.
Images
PNG vs JPG: When to Convert, and How
PNG and JPG serve different purposes — here's when to convert between them, and a one-click way to do it.
How to Convert a WebP Image to JPG
WebP files won't open everywhere — convert to the more universally supported JPG format in one click.
How to Crop a Photo Without Installing an App
Trim a photo down to just the part you want — for a profile picture, a document scan, or cutting out the background clutter.
How to Rotate or Flip a Sideways Photo
Fix a sideways or upside-down photo, or mirror it, in one click.
How to Mirror (Flip) a Photo
Flip a photo horizontally or vertically, and optionally convert it to black and white.
How to Convert an Image to Base64 for Embedding in Code
Turn a small image into a text string you can paste directly into HTML, CSS, or JSON.
How to Convert Images to WebP for a Faster Website
WebP compresses smaller than JPG or PNG at similar quality — here's how to convert your images for faster page loads.
How to Convert an SVG Icon to PNG
Turn a vector SVG into a raster PNG at whatever size you need — for places that don't accept SVG files.
How to Add a Watermark to a Photo Before Sharing It
Protect your photos with a text watermark before posting them online or sending proofs to a client.
How to Convert Between HEX, RGB and HSL Colors
Switch a color between the formats designers and developers need, and check its contrast for accessibility.
How to Pick a Color and Get a Matching Palette
Pick a color visually and get its HEX, RGB and HSL values, plus a palette built around it.
How to Convert HEIC to JPG on iPhone, Windows and Android
Make iPhone HEIC photos open anywhere by converting them to JPG. Free, private, and no app to install. Plus how to stop saving photos as HEIC.
How to Reduce a Photo's File Size (KB or MB) for Forms and Email
Make a photo small enough for an upload limit. Use the quality slider and largest-side option step by step, and check the result.
JPG vs PNG: Which Should You Use (and How to Convert)
Understand the difference between JPG and PNG, when each is the better choice, and how to convert JPG to PNG for free in your browser.
How to Compress Images Without Losing Quality
Shrink photos for email, forms and websites. Learn which quality setting to use and how limiting the largest side saves even more space.
How to Resize a Photo to an Exact Size in Pixels
Set the exact width and height of any photo in pixels for forms, shops and profiles. Free, private and works on phone and computer.
Business
How to Convert Excel to PDF Without Cutting Off Columns
The most common Excel-to-PDF complaint is columns running off the edge of the page — here's how to avoid it.
How to Calculate Your Monthly Loan Payment (EMI)
Work out your monthly payment, total interest, and a full yearly breakdown before you commit to a loan.
How to Calculate a Percentage Increase, Decrease or Discount
Work out a discount, a price increase, or what percentage one number is of another, without doing the algebra by hand.
How to Add (or Reverse) VAT and Sales Tax on a Price
Add tax to a price, or find out how much tax is already included in a price that has it baked in.
How to Calculate Profit Margin (and the Price You Need for a Target Margin)
Work out your margin from cost and price, or work backward to find the price you need for a target margin.
How to Write a Business Proposal That Gets Approved
Scope, timeline, price and terms — the four sections most proposals need, and a tool to put them together.
How to Write a Professional Quotation or Estimate
Build a clear quotation with tax, discount and multi-currency totals, and download it as a PDF to send.
How to Create a QR Code for a Link, Menu or Business Card
Make a QR code from a link or text in seconds and save it as an image. Tips for scanning reliably on posters, menus and business cards.
How to Write a Professional Invoice: What to Include
What every invoice should contain, how to add tax and payment terms, and how to create a clean PDF invoice for free in your browser.
Writing
What Is a UUID, and When Do You Actually Need One?
A quick explanation of UUIDs and a one-click generator for database keys, API IDs and test data.
MD5 vs SHA-256: Which Hash Should You Use?
Generate an MD5 or SHA-256 hash from any text, and understand when each one is (and isn't) the right choice.
What Is Base64 Encoding Actually For?
Base64 isn't encryption — here's what it's actually for, and a one-click way to encode or decode text.
How to Read a JWT and Check When It Expires
See the header and payload inside a JSON Web Token, and check its expiry, without pasting it into a server you don't control.
How to Test a Regex Pattern Without Guessing
See every match highlighted as you type your pattern, instead of running your code over and over to check it.
How to Validate and Clean Up Messy JSON
Find the syntax error in broken JSON and get it formatted and readable, in one click.
How to Convert a Spreadsheet (CSV) Into JSON
Turn spreadsheet rows into structured JSON data for an API, a config file, or a script.
How to Turn JSON Data Into a CSV You Can Open in Excel
API responses and exported JSON data, turned into a spreadsheet you can actually open and sort.
Converting Length, Weight and Temperature Without a Calculator App
Length, weight, temperature, volume and speed — convert instantly without hunting for a formula.
How to Calculate BMI (and What It Doesn't Tell You)
Calculate your body mass index in either unit system, and a quick note on what BMI is and isn't useful for.
How to Calculate Exact Age in Years, Months and Days
Find someone's exact age — or how long ago a date was — down to the day.
How to Convert a Unix Timestamp to a Readable Date
Turn a Unix timestamp from a log file, database or API response into a date you can actually read, and back again.
How to Convert Between Binary, Hex, Octal and Decimal
Convert a number between binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal instantly — useful for programming and networking work.
How to Create a Favicon (and All the Sizes a Website Needs)
One image in, every favicon size and format a modern website needs out — including the web manifest icons.
How to Switch Text Between UPPERCASE, lowercase and Title Case
Fix text that's stuck in the wrong case — a pasted all-caps paragraph, a title that needs proper capitalization, and more.
How to Preview Markdown as Formatted Text
See exactly how your Markdown will look once rendered, before pasting it into a README, a blog post, or a comment.
How to Make Text Safe to Use Inside a URL
Spaces, symbols and special characters can break a URL — encode text so it's safe to include, or decode an encoded URL to read it.
How to See Exactly What Changed Between Two Versions of Text
Paste in two versions of a document or paragraph and see every addition and deletion highlighted.
How to Turn a Title Into a Clean URL Slug
Convert a blog post title or page name into a clean, lowercase, hyphenated slug for a URL.
How to Generate Lorem Ipsum Placeholder Text
Fill a design mockup or draft layout with placeholder paragraphs, without typing them yourself.
How to Remove Duplicate Lines From a List
Clean up a messy list — emails, usernames, data exported from somewhere else — by stripping out repeated lines.
How to Sort (or Reverse) a List of Lines
Alphabetize a list, reverse it, or clean up extra blank lines — all in one tool.
How to Count the Days (or Working Days) Between Two Dates
Find out exactly how many days, weeks, or working days fall between two dates.
Word Count and Character Limits: A Practical Guide
How to check word count, characters and reading time, and how to stay inside limits for essays, posts, captions and meta descriptions.
Privacy
PDF Tools That Don't Upload Your File Anywhere
For contracts, medical records and anything you'd rather not hand to a server — here's what 'processed locally' actually means and which tools do it.
Is a Drawn Signature on a PDF Legally Valid?
What actually makes an electronic signature count in most countries, and what a simple drawn signature does and doesn't give you.
The Privacy Risk of Online OCR Tools (And How Local OCR Avoids It)
Scanning IDs, medical forms or financial statements through OCR? Here's why where the recognition happens matters.
Local AI vs Cloud AI: Which Should You Trust With a Sensitive Document?
If a document has financial, medical or legal details in it, where the AI model runs changes what you're exposing — and to whom.
Converting Financial Spreadsheets to PDF Without Uploading Them
Payroll, invoices, cash ledgers — here's why keeping the conversion on your own device matters for financial files.
The Safest Way to Convert PDF Invoices to Excel
Invoices carry client names, amounts and account details — here's a way to get them into Excel without uploading them anywhere.
How to Generate a Strong, Random Password
Create a genuinely random password in one click, with options for length and character types.
How to Password Protect a PDF Before You Send It
Lock a PDF with a password so only the right person can open it. Learn how to choose a strong password and share it safely.
How to Remove a Password from a PDF You Own
Remove the password from a PDF when you know it. Learn how Unlock PDF works, why pages become images and how to pick the sharpness.
Are Online PDF Tools Safe? How Browser-Based Tools Protect Your Files
Learn the difference between tools that upload your files and tools that process them in your browser, and how to check which kind you are using.